{"id":119,"date":"2021-06-23T17:21:38","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T09:21:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/?p=119"},"modified":"2021-06-23T17:21:38","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T09:21:38","slug":"python%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e8%af%bb%e5%86%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/post-119.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>python\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u67094\u79cd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6  &#8211;> open<\/li><li>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9  &#8211;> read<\/li><li>\u5199\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u6587\u4ef6 &#8211;> write<\/li><li>\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6 &#8211;>close<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u6253\u5f00\u4e0e\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>open(file, mode='r', buffering=-1, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, closefd=True, opener=None)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u6570\u8bf4\u660e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>file: \u5fc5\u9700\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u6216\u8005\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\uff09\u3002<\/li><li>mode: \u53ef\u9009\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u6a21\u5f0f<\/li><li>buffering: \u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f13\u51b2<\/li><li>encoding: \u4e00\u822c\u4f7f\u7528utf8<\/li><li>errors: \u62a5\u9519\u7ea7\u522b<\/li><li>newline: \u533a\u5206\u6362\u884c\u7b26<\/li><li>closefd: \u4f20\u5165\u7684file\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b<\/li><li>opener:\u8bbe\u7f6e\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f00\u542f\u5668\uff0c\u5f00\u542f\u5668\u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b26\u3002<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>mode\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>\u6a21\u5f0f<\/th><th>\u63cf\u8ff0<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>t<\/td><td>\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f (\u9ed8\u8ba4)\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>x<\/td><td>\u5199\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>b<\/td><td>\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>+<\/td><td>\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0(\u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u5199)\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>U<\/td><td>\u901a\u7528\u6362\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\uff09\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>r<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u65b9\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>rb<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u53ea\u8bfb\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>r+<\/td><td>\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>rb+<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u5934\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>w<\/td><td>\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wb<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u5199\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>w+<\/td><td>\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>wb+<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5f00\u5934\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u5982\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>a<\/td><td>\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ab<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u5199\u5165\u5230\u5df2\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5199\u5165\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>a+<\/td><td>\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u65f6\u4f1a\u662f\u8ffd\u52a0\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ab+<\/td><td>\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u683c\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u52a0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\u9488\u5c06\u4f1a\u653e\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u5199\u3002<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4ee5\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u00a0<strong>b<\/strong>\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5173\u95ed\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u95ed\u6253\u5f00\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u6d41\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <strong>\u6d41\u5bf9\u8c61.close()<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u95ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528read\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u8bfb\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56dechar[]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>read(&#91;size])  #\u9ed8\u8ba4\u662f\u8bfb\u53d6\u5168\u90e8\u5b57\u8282<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0ctest.txt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6587\u4ef6\nthis is a test file<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728main.py\u4e2d\u5199\u4e0b\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>file = open(\"test.txt\", encoding='utf-8') #\u5236\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u4e71\u7801\n\ntext = file.read()\n\nprint(text)\n\nfile.close()  #\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u95ed\u6d41<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ps\uff1a<\/strong>\u5bf9\u6d41\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5185\u90e8\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u9488\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u65f6\u6307\u9488\u5728\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u6b21\u540e\u5c31\u5230\u4e86\u672b\u5c3e\uff0c<em><strong>\u6240\u4ee5\u65e0\u6cd5\u518d\u8bfb\u53d6\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2areadline\u4e00\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5, \u53ef\u4ee5\u7528not\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2>\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u628a\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c \u5728\u6253\u5f00\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u6253\u5f00\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fmode\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>file = open(\"hello.txt\", mode=\"w\", encoding='utf-8')  #mode\u4e3aw\n\nfile.write(\"hello\uff0cpython\")   #\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\n\nfile.close()  #\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u95ed\u6d41<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd0\u884c\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u540c\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2ahello.txt\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u7740\u5199\u5165\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u6b64\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u518d\u6b21\u5199\u5165\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\u5230\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528mode=a\u5373\u53ef<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>file = open(\"hello.txt\", mode=\"a\", encoding='utf-8')\n\nfile.write(\"\u8ffd\u52a0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\")\n\nfile.close()  #\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u95ed\u6d41<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u662f\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u589e\u5220\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2aread\u548cweirte\u914d\u5408\uff0c \u7b49\u6548\u4e8e r+<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>file_open = open(\"hello.txt\", mode=\"r\", encoding='utf-8')  \n\ntext = file_open.read()   #\u5148\u8bfb\u53d6\n\ntext = text+\"bbb\"    #\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\n\nfile_write = open(\"hello.txt\", mode=\"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\n\nprint(text)\n\nfile_write.write(text)  #\u5199\u56de\u53bb\n\n#\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u95ed\u6d41\nfile_open.close()\nfile_write.close()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ps\uff1a<\/strong>\u8bfb\u5199\u65f6\uff0cr+\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cw+\u4f1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>python\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u67094\u79cd \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6 &#8211;> open \u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9 &#8211;> read&hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/post-119.html\" class=\"more-link\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">python\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.52dixiaowo.com\/python\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}